![]() Additionally, as of 2017, when capitalized, either capital ⟨ẞ⟩ ( STRAẞE) or ⟨SS⟩ ( STRASSE) are considered equally valid in all situations (not just when the character is unavailable). If no ⟨ß⟩ is available in a font, then the official orthography calls for ⟨ß⟩ to be replaced with ⟨ss⟩. Some proper names may use ⟨ß⟩ after a short vowel, following the old orthography this is also true of some words derived from proper names (e.g., Litfaßsäule advertising column, named after Ernst Litfaß). ), and Buße ( IPA:, penance) and Busse ( IPA:, buses) on the other (long vowel before ⟨ß⟩, short vowel before ⟨ss⟩). The use of ⟨ß⟩ distinguishes minimal pairs such as reißen ( IPA:, to rip) and reisen ( IPA:, to travel) on the one hand ( vs. In verbs with roots where the vowel changes length, this means that some forms may be written with ⟨ß⟩, others with ⟨ss⟩: wissen, er weiß, er wusste. when a word stem ending with ⟨ß⟩ takes an inflectional ending beginning with a consonant: heißt, größte. ![]() when it is written after a diphthong or long vowel and is not followed by another consonant in the word stem: Straße, Maß, groß, heißen and.According to current German orthography, ⟨ß⟩ represents the sound : In standard German, three letters or combinations of letters commonly represent (the voiceless alveolar fricative) depending on its position in a word: ⟨s⟩, ⟨ss⟩, and ⟨ß⟩. The capital ⟨ẞ⟩ was encoded by ISO 10646 in 2008 at ( U+1E9E ẞ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S). The HTML entity ß was introduced with HTML 2.0 (1995). Lowercase ⟨ß⟩ was encoded by ECMA-94 (1985) at position 223 (hexadecimal DF), inherited by Latin-1 and Unicode ( U+00DF ß LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S). In 2017, the Council for German Orthography officially adopted a capital, ⟨ẞ⟩, as an acceptable variant in German orthography, ending a long orthographic debate. Traditionally, ⟨ß⟩ did not have a capital form, although some type designers introduced de facto capitalized variants. This developed from an earlier usage of ⟨z⟩ in Old and Middle High German to represent a separate sibilant sound from ⟨s⟩ when the difference between the two sounds was lost in the 13th century, the two symbols came to be combined as ⟨sz⟩ in some situations. The letter originates as the ⟨ sz⟩ digraph as used in late medieval and early modern German orthography, represented as a ligature of ⟨ſ⟩ ( long s) and ⟨ʒ⟩ ( tailed z) in blackletter typefaces, yielding ⟨ſʒ⟩. In the 20th century, the ß-character was replaced with ss in the spelling of Swiss Standard German (Switzerland and Liechtenstein), while remaining Standard German spelling in other varieties of the German language. The Eszett letter is used only in German, and can be typographically replaced with the double-s digraph ⟨ss⟩, if the ß-character is unavailable. ![]() The character's Unicode names in English are sharp s and eszett. The letter-name Eszett combines the names of the letters of ⟨s⟩ ( Es) and ⟨z⟩ ( Zett) in German. ![]() In German orthography, the letter ß, called Eszett ( IPA: ) or scharfes S ( IPA:, "sharp S"), represents the / s/ phoneme in Standard German when following long vowels and diphthongs. Variant forms of Eszett (from top-left to bottom-right): Cambria (2004), Lucida Sans (1985), Theuerdank blackletter (1933, based on a 1517 type), handwritten Kurrent (1865) ![]()
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